Las Médulas, a landscape formed by the largest Roman open-pit gold mine in El Bierzo
Las Médulas today are an impressive landscape formed by the exploitation of an ancient Roman open-pit gold mine. Set among centennial chestnut groves, lagoons, peaks and underground galleries, it offers a delightful walk for families, dog owners or any visitor.
How the Romans extracted gold
The technique known as ruina montium involved storing vast amounts of water in artificial reservoirs high on the mountain and then releasing it suddenly through sluice gates, letting hydraulic force collapse the terrain and wash the auriferous earth into sluicing channels.
The complex hydraulic system
- Network of canals and secondary channels up to 30 km long.
- Dams, sluice boxes and settling ponds to clean the water.
- Underground galleries that directed pressurized water.
Main routes and viewpoints
- Miradores Route (5 km round-trip): passes viewpoints at Orellán, Pedrices and Chao de la Encina.
- Pico Tallón (3 km): a challenging ascent with panoramic views of the Médulas and surrounding valleys.
- Reirigo Trail (6 km loop): winds through chestnut forests and streams.
Flora and fauna
- Trees: centennial chestnuts, oaks, yews and willows.
- Shrubs: rockroses, heathers and gorse.
- Birds of prey: golden eagle, griffon vulture and kestrel.
- Mammals: wild boars, roe deer and foxes.
Best time to visit
- Autumn: reddish and golden tones in the landscape.
- Spring: flowering heathers and optimal stream flow.
- Winter: clear skies and fewer visitors.
Interpretation center and services
The Visitor Reception Center features:
- An archaeological and Roman technology exhibition.
- Maps, explanatory panels and audiovisual displays.
- Parking, restrooms and a café.
- Information on rural accommodations and nearby restaurants.
Practical tips
- Hiking boots and comfortable clothing.
- Sun protection and a hat.
- Bring water and snacks; no facilities along the trails.
- Carry a map even though signage is clear.
- Respect the rules: stay on paths and carry out your trash.
Bierzo cuisine
At the village entrance you’ll find restaurants offering local dishes like botillo, roasted peppers and wines from the D.O. Bierzo.
Recognitions
The landscape of Las Médulas was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 and a Natural Monument in 2002.
With its unique blend of Roman history, water-shaped landscape and rich biodiversity, Las Médulas is a must-see for anyone seeking nature, culture and adventure in the heart of El Bierzo.
How to get there
Decimal: 42.460556°, -6.768056°
DMS: 42°27'38" N, 6°46'05" O
